Ion Chromatography Standards
Apexbio Technology LLC Tolbutamide 64-77-7 1g
Tolbutamide (CAS 64-77-7) is a small molecule inhibitor known to suppress cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase activity with an IC50 value of 4 mM It reduces both basal and cAMP-stimulated kinase activities in cellular models including soluble and membrane-bound forms from canine cardiac tissue In adipose tissue tolbutamide s inhibition of cAMP-dependent protein kinase underlies its reported suppression of lipolysis Additionally tolbutamide has been shown to increase connexin43 mRNA levels while decreasing Ki-67 expression in glioma cells suggesting roles in cell proliferation studies This compound is used in research focused on kinase signaling and metabolic regulation
Apexbio Technology LLC MCPA 94-74-6 1g
MCPA (CAS nan) is a small-molecule herbicide that modulates plant growth-regulating enzymes thereby disrupting physiological processes necessary for weed proliferation MCPA exerts its biological activity primarily through targeted enzymatic regulation involved in plant growth Experimental studies have demonstrated herbicidal activity of MCPA against various broadleaf species such as poppy thistle and reed plants Based on these pharmacological properties MCPA holds research potential in plant physiological investigations crop management research and the exploration of herbicide mechanisms at biochemical and molecular levels
Apexbio Technology LLC Ofloxacin 82419-36-1 1g
Ofloxacin (CAS 82419-36-1) is a small-molecule inhibitor targeting bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV It is designed to inhibit these enzymes thereby blocking bacterial DNA replication and transcription Ofloxacin exerts its biological activity primarily through disruption of DNA supercoiling by binding to the enzyme-DNA complex preventing proper DNA synthesis and bacterial proliferation In in vitro studies ofloxacin demonstrates inhibitory activity with reported IC50 values ranging from 0 5 to 10 g/mL depending on bacterial strain variability and experimental conditions Based on these pharmacological properties ofloxacin holds research potential in microbiological and pharmaceutical studies such as bacterial resistance research evaluation of bacterial enzyme inhibition susceptibility assay validation and investigation of bacterial gene regulation and replication mechanisms
Apexbio Technology LLC Clioquinol 130-26-7 1g
Clioquinol (130-26-7) is a small-molecule modulator functioning as a metal-ion chelator It is designed to modulate metal homeostasis thereby affecting metal-dependent cellular pathways Clioquinol exerts its biological activity primarily through chelation of metal ions disrupting iron-mediated enzymatic reactions crucial for fungal and cancer cell growth In in vitro studies Clioquinol demonstrates cytotoxic effects in diverse tumor cell lines with IC50 values generally in the low micromolar range (approximately 1 10 M depending on cell type and conditions) Based on these pharmacological properties Clioquinol holds research potential in antifungal antimicrobial and oncological applications
Apexbio Technology LLC Levodopa 59-92-7 1g
Levodopa (59-92-7) is a small-molecule precursor of dopamine It modulates dopaminergic signaling pathways thereby influencing neurotransmission and associated neuronal functions Levodopa exerts its biological activity primarily through enzymatic decarboxylation by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase within dopaminergic neurons yielding dopamine In in vitro assays levodopa demonstrates cholinergic receptor antagonism with reported IC50 values typically ranging 10 30 M depending on specific cellular and experimental conditions Based on these pharmacological properties levodopa holds research potential in studies of dopaminergic signaling neuronal plasticity motor function modulation preclinical Parkinson s disease models and stroke recovery investigations
Apexbio Technology LLC Bifonazole 60628-96-8 1g
Bifonazole (60628-96-8) is a small-molecule inhibitor targeting sterol 14 -demethylase It is designed to block this enzyme thereby impairing ergosterol biosynthesis critical to fungal membrane structure and function Bifonazole exerts its biological activity primarily through inhibition of sterol 14 -demethylase In in vitro studies Bifonazole demonstrates antifungal inhibitory activity with reported IC50 values generally ranging from 0 5 to 4 g/mL depending on fungal species and experimental conditions Based on these pharmacological properties Bifonazole holds research potential in antifungal efficacy evaluation and mechanism-specific assays targeting sterol biosynthesis and membrane disruption
Apexbio Technology LLC L-Phenylephrine 59-42-7 1g
L-Phenylephrine (CAS 59-42-7) is a selective agonist of the adrenergic 1A receptor exhibiting a Ki of 1 4 M with markedly lower affinity for 1B (Ki 23 9 M) and 1C (Ki 47 8 M) subtypes In vitro L-Phenylephrine has been shown to reduce apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes following hypoxia and serum deprivation and to stimulate proliferation in neural progenitor cells It also increases the cross-sectional area and modulates gene expression in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes In vivo local administration in rats induces cutaneous anesthesia through 1-adrenergic receptor activation and clinical data suggest oral administration reduces nasal airway resistance These properties make L-Phenylephrine a valuable tool for studying 1A-adrenergic receptor-mediated cellular responses
Apexbio Technology LLC Diuron 330-54-1 1g
Diuron is a small-molecule inhibitor targeting electron transport within chloroplasts It is designed to interfere with photosynthesis by suppressing electron transfer thereby affecting cellular energy metabolism via reduced ATP and NADH synthesis Diuron exerts its biological activity primarily through inhibition of electron transfer in chloroplasts In experimental studies in animal models dietary administration of Diuron at elevated concentrations is associated with increased occurrence of urothelial carcinoma Based on these pharmacological properties Diuron holds research potential in studies of photosynthetic biochemical pathways cellular energy regulation and chemical-induced carcinogenesis
Apexbio Technology LLC Cromolyn sodium 15826-37-6 1g
Cromolyn sodium (CAS 15826-37-6) is a small molecule that functions as a mast cell membrane stabilizer It inhibits antigen-induced histamine release by preventing degranulation of sensitized mast cells Due to minimal gastrointestinal absorption cromolyn sodium is typically administered via inhalation in powder form Preclinical studies have demonstrated that cromolyn sodium suppresses both immediate and late-phase asthmatic responses and reduces the release of non-histamine chemical mediators Additionally it prevents ciliary transport impairment associated with bronchial provocation and can mitigate symptoms in exercise-induced asthma models These properties make cromolyn sodium a useful tool for investigating allergic and inflammatory mechanisms in respiratory research
Apexbio Technology LLC Oxymatrine 16837-52-8 1g
Oxymatrine (CAS 16837-52-8) is a quinolizidine alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens It has been shown to modulate multiple cellular pathways associated with fibrosis and neurodegeneration including inhibition of TGF- 1-mediated signaling and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression Oxymatrine exhibits antifibrotic and neuroprotective properties in various experimental models It is also extensively studied for its antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus and has been applied in traditional Chinese medicine for hepatitis management This compound is valuable for investigating mechanisms of fibrosis neuroprotection and viral pathogenesis
Apexbio Technology LLC Pasiniazid 2066-89-9 1g
Pasiniazid (CAS 2066-89-9) is a small-molecule inhibitor targeting enzymes essential for mycolic acid biosynthesis in mycobacteria It is designed to disrupt cell wall synthesis thereby inhibiting the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae Pasiniazid exerts its biological activity primarily through inhibition of mycolic acid biosynthesis In in vitro antimicrobial assays and animal infection models Pasiniazid demonstrates inhibitory activity with reported IC50 values against mycobacterial targets typically within micromolar concentrations Based on these pharmacological properties Pasiniazid holds research potential in the investigation of tuberculosis and leprosy pathogenesis including studies on drug-response relationships resistance mechanisms and pharmacokinetics
Apexbio Technology LLC L-α-Aminoadipic Acid 1118-90-7 1g
L-alpha-Aminoadipic Acid (1118-90-7) is a small-molecule inhibitor targeting glutamine synthetase It is designed to competitively inhibit glutamine synthetase activity thereby modulating glutamate metabolism and neurotransmission pathways L-alpha-Aminoadipic Acid exerts its biological activity primarily through stereospecific competitive inhibition of glutamine synthetase In in vitro studies L-alpha-Aminoadipic Acid impacts astrocytic function preceding its gliotoxic effects and modulates kynurenic acid production in hippocampal tissues Based on these pharmacological properties L-alpha-Aminoadipic Acid holds research potential in the investigation of astrocyte function and neurological metabolism within neuroscience and pharmacology fields
Apexbio Technology LLC Acetarsone 97-44-9 1g
Acetarsone (97-44-9) is a small-molecule anti-infective and antiparasitic agent belonging to the organoarsenic group of compounds It is proposed to modulate parasite-specific metabolic enzymes or interfere with biochemical pathways essential for parasite survival Acetarsone exerts its biological activity primarily through inhibition of parasite biochemical pathways however the exact molecular targets and mechanism remain to be fully elucidated In both in vitro and in vivo studies acetarsone demonstrates antiparasitic activity with IC50 values reported in the low to moderate micromolar range depending on parasite species and experimental conditions Based on these pharmacological properties acetarsone holds research potential in the treatment of protozoan infections and in studies of intestinal inflammation and mucosal pathology
Apexbio Technology LLC Minoxidil 38304-91-5 1g
Minoxidil (CAS 38304-91-5) is a synthetic pyrimidine derivative that functions as a direct-acting vasodilator It exerts its pharmacological effects by opening ATP-sensitive potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells leading to membrane hyperpolarization and subsequent relaxation of arterial smooth muscle These actions result in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and lower blood pressure Minoxidil is widely utilized in biomedical research to investigate mechanisms of vasodilation vascular smooth muscle physiology and the role of potassium channels in cardiovascular regulation